无色、透明、无臭、粘稠液体，味甜，具有吸湿性。 与水和乙醇混溶，水溶液为中性。溶于11倍的乙酸乙酯，约500倍的乙醚。不溶于苯、氯仿、四氯化碳、二硫化碳、石油醚、油类。
熔点  20 °C(lit.) 
沸点  290 °C 
密度  1.261 

GB/T 687-94
项目Item                                                                   分析纯     化学纯
                                                                                   (AR)        (CP)
含量(C3H8O)Assay,%                                           ≥99.0      97.0
色度，黑曾单位Color                                               ≤10        30
酸度(以H+计)Acidity,m mol/100g                          ≤0.05      0.1
碱度(以OH-计)Alkalinity,m mol/100g                   ≤0.03      0.06
灼烧残渣(以硫酸盐计)Ignition residue,%            ≤0.001     0.005
氯化物(Cl)Chloride,%                                             ≤0.0001    0.001
硫酸盐(SO4)Sulfate,%                                             ≤0.0005    0.001
铵(NH4)Ammonium,%                                            ≤0.0005    0.001
砷(As)Ansenic,%                                                      ≤0.00005   0.0002
重金属(以Pb计)Heavy metals,%                           ≤0.0001    0.0005
脂肪酸酯(以甘油三丁酯计)Aliphatic ester                ≤0.05      0.1
蔗糖和葡萄糖Cane sugar and glucose                       合格      合格
还原银物质Substances reducing silver                     合格      合格
硫酸试验Substances darkened by sulfuric acid             合格      合格
项目                                                   优级纯   
                                                        (GR)
纯度Purity                                             ≥99.5%
折光率Refractive index n20/D                           ≥1.4731 
水分water                                              ≤0.3% 
酸碱度Fatty acids &esters (ml0.1N NaOH/25g)            ≤0.2 
色泽colour Shade                                       ≤5 APHA
相对密度Specific gravity (20/20°C)                    ≥1.2623 
酯esters (ml 0.1 N HCI/25g)                            ≥8.0 
糖Sugars2                                              Negative 
卤化物Halogenated cpd(as CI)2 　                       ≤5 ppm
重金属Heavy metals(as Pb)                              ≤1ppm 
灰分Sulphates ppm                                      ≤0.01% 
品级Grade                                色谱纯   
                                  (for HPLC, ≥99.5%)
外观Appearance                           Colorless Liquid 
Infrared spectrum                        Conforms to Structure
纯度Purity(GC)                           ≥99.5%  
λ                                   H2O reference 
UV Absorbance 400nm                      ≤0.01 
UV Absorbance 340nm                      ≤0.01 
UV Absorbance 320nm                      ≤0.02 
UV Absorbance 280nm                      ≤0.05 
UV Absorbance 225nm                      ≤0.10 
UV Absorbance 210nm                      ≤0.30 
UV Absorbance 205nm                      ≤1.0 
水分Water (by Karl Fischer)              ≤0.10 % 
灼烧残渣Residue after ignition           ≤0.005%
项目名称Item                                           ACS Grade
                                                    （ACS, ≥99.5%）
含量(以体积计CH2OHCHOHCH2OH)Assay                      ≥99.5%
色度，黑曾单位Color(APHA)                              ≤10
灼烧残渣Residue after ignition                         ≤0.005%
酸碱度试验Neutrality                                   Passes test
氯化合物(Cl)Chloride compounds(as Cl)                  ≤0.003%
硫酸盐(SO4)Sulfate                                     ≤0.001%
丙烯醛和葡萄糖Acrolein and glucose                     Passes test
脂肪酸酯(以丁酸计)Fatty acid esters(as butyric acid)   ≤0.05%
易炭化物质Substances Darkened by sulfuric acid         Passes test
重金属(以Pb计)Heavy metals(as Pb)                      ≤2ppm
水分(H2O)Water                                         ≤0.5%

危险品标志  F,Xn 
    
危险类别码  36-20/21/22-11 
    
安全说明  24/25-39-26 
    
危险品运输编号  UN 1282 3/PG 2 
    
WGK Germany  1
    
RTECS  MA8050000
    
F  3 
 

用途1  用作溶剂、润滑剂、化妆品、医药及抗冻剂，也用于有机合成 
    
用途2  广泛用于制造醇酸树脂、聚氨酯等，也用于医药、化妆品、纺织印染和炸药等行业 
    
用途3  用作基本有机化工原料，广泛用于医药、食品、日用化学、纺织、造纸、油漆等行业 
    
用途4  保水剂(用于面包、蛋糕类)；载体溶剂(用于香料、色素、非水溶性防腐剂等)；稠化剂(用于饮料、配制酒等)；增塑剂(糖果、甜点、肉类制品)；甜味剂。EEC规定可用于含醇饮料、糖果、蛋糕、涂层上光、肉和干酪涂层、无醇饮料、焙烤制品、胶姆糖、明胶甜食等。
    
用途5  是制造硝化甘油、醋酸甘油、表面活性剂、香精、醇酸树脂和酯胶等的原料，可直接用于防冻液、化妆品、油墨等  
    
用途6  甘油是重要的基本有机原料，在工业、医药及日常生活中用途十分广泛，目前大约有1700多种用途，主要用于医药、化妆品、醇酸树脂、烟草、食品、饮酸树脂、赛璐咯和炸药、纺织印染等方面。醇酸树脂、赛璐咯和炸药等领域的甘油耗用量呈下降趋势。
密封保存